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Director of the Department of Architecture at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna

Cooperation Partner of Arbeitgruppe Digitale 3D Rekonstruktion 

Scientific in charge of DiMoRe – Lab of Digital Modeling and Representation at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Architecture 

Full Professor in Architectural Representation at University of Bologna, Department of Architecture

Scientific in charge of LaMoViDA – Lab of Modeling and Digital Visualization for Architecture at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Architecture 

Scientific in charge of “LARAC – Lab of Urban and Architectural Surveying at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Architecture 

Associate Professor at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Faculty of Architecture 

PI Research Project MURST-PRIN: Atlas of the iconography of Italian cities in the Modern Age  

PI Research Project MURST-PRIN: Urban structure and image of the city 

Senior Assistant Professor (tenured) at Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Faculty of Engineering 

PhD in Survey of the existing built heritage - Università Politecnica delle Marche- Ancona 

Single-cycle master's degree in Civil-Building Engineering - University of Bologna, Faculty of Engineering 

Curriculum Vitae

Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio

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Prof. 

The digital turn within the realms of both sciences and humanities has facilitated the reclaiming of lost and never-built architectural and urban heritage as digital 3D models. This emergence of source-based hypothetical 3D reconstruction enables the (re)creation of a building's historical narrative in a visually accessible manner. Unfortunetly, the absence of standardized methods for documenting and disseminating 3D data has resulted in a production of tons of outdated, unreadable or unusable datasets within the cultural heritage domain.

This doctoral thesis addresses five key issues related to the lifecycle of digital resources (Fig. 1): the planning phase involving the selection of appropriate digital reconstruction methodologies (Fig. 2), the creation phase focusing on documentation of the process, the publication phase concerning the choice of online repositories (Fig. 3) and rules of [Semantic Web](https://www.w3.org/RDF/Metalog/docs/sw-easy), and the subsequent reuse phase necessitating adaptation to conform with the [FAIR Principles](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/) nad [Linked Open Data](https://5stardata.info/en/) (Fig. 4) and implementation of exisiting standards for 3D documentation like [CitGML](https://www.asg.ed.tum.de/en/gis/projects/citygml-30/) or [IFC](https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/). The study will conclude with the development of a novel [CIDOC CRM](https://www.cidoc-crm.org) application ontology, tailored for the documentation of digital 3D recosntructions (Fig. 5). This ontology will subsequently be integrated into a [WissKI-based](https://wiss-ki.eu) [digital 3D repository](https://3d-repository.hs-mainz.de) based aiming at the educational and preservation needs of cultural heritage.


The emerging BIM methodology and the exchange data format IFC are changing the way of collaboration, visualisation and documentation in 3D models for planning, construction and faculty management processes. The introduction and development of the Semantic Web, spreading the idea of structured, formalised and linked data, offers semantically enriched human- and machine-readable data.

Digital 3D reconstruction as a research environment in art and architecture history | Infrastructure for documentation and publication

The emerging BIM methodology and the exchange data format IFC are changing the way of collaboration, visualisation, and documentation in 3D models for architectural planning and engineering. At the same time, the introduction of the Semantic Web, spreading the idea of structured, formalised and linked data, offers semantically enriched human- and machine-readable data. In contrast to civil engineering (BIM/IFC) and cultural heritage (CIDOC CRM), academic object-oriented disciplines, like archaeology, art and architecture history, are acting as outside spectators.

Since the 1990s, however, it has been argued that a 3D model is not likely to be considered a scientific reconstruction unless it is grounded on accurate documentation and visualisation. There have been many calls for an approved e-documentation related to 3D reconstruction projects, as witnessed by the [London Charter (2006)](https://londoncharter.org/) and the [Principles of Seville for archaeological 3D reconstructions (2011)](http://www.sevilleprinciples.com/). Nonetheless, standards are still missing and the validation of the outcomes is not fulfilled. Meanwhile, the digital research data remain ephemeral and the 3D reconstruction projects continue to fill the growing digital cemeteries.

The dissertation by Irene Cazzaro focuses, in this context, on uncertainty classification and visualisation for source-based 3D reconstructions in the domain of archaeology, art and architecture history. The application of an uncertainty scale to these models is in fact of vital importance in order to declare to which extent the collected documents allow an accurate reconstruction. In order to set a standard or, at least, some general guidelines, the first step is reaching an agreement on the terminology used in the field of digital 3D reconstruction: this is the starting point of the dissertation (fig. 1). Subsequently, the techniques used to express the uncertainty degree (fig. 2-3) in a human- and machine-readable data mode are investigated. This finally conducts to the creation of a workflow applied to various models, with the aim of publishing them in a scientific repository ([DFG Repository](https://3d-repository.hs-mainz.de/)) and testing the preservation of uncertainty information  (fig. 4).

Prof. Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio

Prof. Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio

Full Professor in Architectural Representation

Arbeitsschwerpunkte

Curriculum Vitae

Portfolio